Harvard Business Review - Free Essay Example

SPOTLIGHT CAN ENTREPRENEURS SAVE THE WORLD? Spotlight ARTWORK Josh Keyes, Burst I, 2009 acrylic on panel, 30 x 80 A New Alliance 56 Harvard Business Review September 2010 HBR. ORG Bill Drayton is the CEO of Ashoka: Innovators for the Public, a global organization with headquarters in Arlington, Virginia. Valeria Budinich is the founder and chief entrepreneur of Ashoka’s Full Economic Citizenship Initiative. Working together, corporations and social entrepreneurs can reshape industries and solve the world’s toughest problems. by Bill Drayton and Valeria Budinich or Global Change September 2010 Harvard Business Review 57 SPOTLIGHT CAN ENTREPRENEURS SAVE THE WORLD? Social Ch Change PROFILE Making Emergency Care More E? cient Medical Care In India, many lives are lost for want of timely medical care. Not acceptable, decided a group of young Indian professionals, who started Dial 1298 for Ambulance. This initiative makes ambulances simple to access through an easy-to remember four-digit telephone number and provides service regardless of a person’s ability to pay, charging on a sliding scale. With the help of global positioning and real-time tracking systems, the quick dispatch of 1298 ambulances has so far saved some 50,000 lives in Mumbai. —Rasika Welankiwar W work is performed, and businesses grow. Collaborations between corporations and social entrepreneurs can create and expand markets on a scale not seen since the Industrial Revolution. These markets will reach everyone, but especially the 4 billion people who are not yet part of the world’s formal economy. They will offer new and remarkable products and services in sectors as diverse as education, transportation, and finance. You may be skeptical of this claim, and with good reason. The citizen sector—the term we use to define the millions of groups established and run by mission-minded individuals across the globe who are attempting to address critical s ocial needs—has long been regarded as understaffed and inefficient. But that has changed. We work with some 3,000 social entrepreneurs worldwide, and over the past 30 years we’ve seen the citizen sector catch up with business as it has increased its productivity, size, and reach. Its organizations are attracting talented and creative leaders, and their work is changing the game in critical industries and areas such as energy and health care. For-profit organizations today have an opportunity to collaborate with citizen-sector organizations (CSOs) on large-scale problems that neither group has been able to solve on its own. The power of such partnerships lies in the complementary strengths of the participants: Businesses offer scale, expertise in manufacturing and operations, and financing. Social entrepreneurs and organizations contribute lower costs, strong social networks, and deep insights into customers and communities. But to work together effectively, they must focus on creating real economic as well as social value. We believe they can do so by forming what we call hybrid value chains (HVCs), which capitalize on those complementary strengths to increase benefits and lower costs. We are witnessing a sea change in the way society’s problems are solved, This trend has been developing for years, and we’ve participated in pilot projects that have delivered impressive results and promise extraordinary growth. HVCs can now be found in many industries all over the world. Collaboration between corporations and CSOs has reached a tipping point: It is becoming standard operating procedure. Indeed, we believe that if you’re not thinking about such collaboration, you’ll soon be guilty of strategy malpractice. The Vibrancy of the Citizen Sector Before we explore the inner workings of hybrid value chains, it may be helpful to look at how we got here. In the 1700s business became entrepreneurial. Upstarts devising fast er and more-efficient ways to produce goods ushered in the Industrial Revolution. They introduced innovation after innovation, ultimately changing the world. After remaining flat for a millennium, per capita income in the West rose by an average of 20% in the 1700s, 200% in the 1800s, and 740% in the past century. But while the for-profit sector enjoyed sweeping progress, the citizen sector languished. It faced little outside market pressure and relied heavily on funding from governments that, as monopolies, feared competition. CSOs felt little push to innovate; as a result, they fell far behind in productivity, performance, pay rates, confidence, and reputation. By 1980 the imbalance between the business and social sectors of society had become intolerable. (We had great TVs but lousy education. ) New opportunities emerged across the world (except where governments got in the way), and the citizen sector restructured itself to become entrepreneurial and competitive. It rapidl y increased productivity and scale, lowering the cost of goods and services it provided relative to business’s offerings. Since then, the citizen sector has been creating jobs about three times as fast as have other employ- 8 Harvard Business Review September 2010 A NEW ALLIANCE FOR GLOBAL CHANGE? HBR. ORG Idea in Brief The time is ripe for collaboration between for-pro? t businesses and mission-driven individuals and organizations. By forming â€Å"hybrid value chains† the for-pro? t and citizen sectors can together remake global economies and create lasting social change. Businesses o? er scale, expertise in operations, and ? nancing. Social entrepreneurs o? er lower costs, strong social networks, and a deeper understanding of customers and communities. EXAMPLE Local citizen groups helped to persuade Amanco, a maker of water-conveyance products, that small farmers in Mexico represented a signi? cant market opportunity. They partnered with the company to organize f armers into loan groups, promote irrigation technologies, and even install systems. The social entrepreneurs are helping the farmers get ? nancing so that they can a? ord Amanco’s products. This newly created dripirrigation market is worth about $56 million a year—and farmers are enjoying higher yields. ers in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. In Brazil the number of CSOs rose from about 36,000 to nearly a million over the past 20 years. In the United States their number has grown by more than 300% since 1982. Today millions of these groups attract talented individuals who long for challenging and lucrative work that is consistent with their personal values and goals. Take David Green, who helped start Aurolab, an India-based nonprofit that produces intraocular lenses to restore sight to cataract patients. It has managed to reduce the price of lenses from $300 to $10 or less, by using emerging technology and restructuring its manu facturing costs. Aurolab is the manufacturing division of Aravind Eye Hospitals, which charge patients for the lenses on a sliding scale depending on their income. It has captured about 8% of the global intraocular lens market and sells about 1. 5 million such lenses each year in 109 countries. Green, working with Ashoka, the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness, and Deutsche Bank, has also launched The Eye Fund, a $15 million loan fund that will enable eye-care groups to grow far faster than they otherwise could, significantly speeding the reduction of blindness. Or onsider Rodrigo Baggio, who created a chain of computer schools serving hundreds of slums across Latin America and Asia. He persuaded one organization after another to donate, warehouse, and transport their used computers, and thousands of slum dwellers to set up and run the schools. These schools now boast some 700,000 graduates. We could go on and on. But our point is that many social entrepreneurs are already out there changing the world—and businesses have largely been overlooking them. It was previously safe to ignore the citizen sector, because this segment of the economy was relatively small in scale and low in productivity. That’s no longer true. The companies that work with and learn from the sector and its leaders will reach large new markets. They will also gain competitive advantage from new business models and firstmover benefits. The time is ripe for collaboration because the two sectors are now equally innovative. Together they can promote changes as powerful and widespread as those produced by the Industrial Revolution. Hybrid Value Chains Hybrid value chains represent a systemic shift in the way businesses and CSOs interact. They are collaborations that redefine value in game-changing ways, with each side clearly understanding (and willingly accepting) the risks and rewards. Consider the housing industry. Currently, onesixth of the world†™s population lives in slums and squatter cities. That’s a billion people who are shut out of the formal housing market. If you’re a cement company, a tile maker, a brick manufacturer, a banker, a developer, or a utility, just think: What would it mean for your business if you could unlock the potential of a trillion-dollar housing market? Until recently, that was nearly impossible, because the business world acting alone—with its existing cost structures and limited understanding of local markets—could not reach those customers. Nor, for their part, had governments or CSOs figured out If you’re not thinking about HVC collaboration, you’ll soon be guilty of strategy malpractice. September 2010 Harvard Business Review 59 SPOTLIGHT CAN ENTREPRENEURS SAVE THE WORLD? Social Ch Change PROFILE Providing Public Schools with Supplies DonorsChoose. rg operates on the basic idea that we can improve public education by providing schools with the r esources students need to learn. It gives benefactors a chance to connect directly with classrooms through a website where teachers post projects and individuals can donate to the one that most inspires them. As of June 2010, DonorsChoose had raised more than $50 million, funded more than 130,000 projects, and helped more than 3. 3 million students. —R. W. Public Schools how to serve them. But look what happened when a for-profit ceramic tile maker partnered with a South American CSO. Colceramica (a Colombian subsidiary of Corona, one of the largest building-materials retailers in South America) wanted to learn more about the low-income market for ceramics and home products. We introduced the company’s executives to Haidy Duque, a cofounder of Kairos, which grew out of a human-rights organization that works with people displaced by armed conflict. They collaborated on market research and developed a business plan. Colceramica provided the product—its Iberica tile line—and the technical and business know-how (sales and marketing techniques, for instance). Kairos, in return for fees, recruited and managed a female sales force. That model generated income for previously unemployed women and pushed the product into the hands of potential customers, rather than waiting for a storefront to pull them in. It reduced Colceramica’s distribution costs by a third, so the company could afford to pay a percentage of its profits to the women sales promoters and community partners. Other local CSOs performed administrative functions in return for a percentage of revenues, which they reinvested in community projects. The program, now called Viste Tu Casa (Dress Your Home), launched in January 2006. In 2009 its sales reached nearly $12 million as it expanded to five of the six largest cities in Colombia, in partnership with five CSOs. It has helped more than 28,000 families improve their living conditions, and 179 saleswomen are each earning $230 a month. In India, Ashoka is working with mortgage companies, for-profit housing developers, and local citizen-sector groups to create a thriving housing market—delivering affordable new apartments for the â€Å"informal† members of the local workforce. These consumers often have a steady source of income but lack proof of stability and therefore are ineligible for mortgage loans. India’s housing deficit has been conservatively estimated at about 24. 7 million homes— perhaps the largest potential housing market in the world. And that doesn’t include what will be needed as more than 700 million Indians move from villages to cities. Within this new-construction HVC, CSOs can serve as demand aggregators, bringing groups of consumers to for-profit developers, or as full design and investment partners. More than 2,500 homes are being built, with the promise of another 7,500 within the next 18 months—representing more than $100 million in sales. Agriculture is another market that profits from hybrid value chains. Consider drip-irrigation systems in Mexico, where more than 2 million small farmers live on less than $2 a day and work, on average, fewer than five hectares (about 12 acres) of land. Most companies believe it isn’t cost-effective to serve such low-income consumers. But Ashoka and local citizen groups persuaded Amanco, a maker of waterconveyance products, otherwise. Viewing these farmers as a significant market opportunity, it is reengineering its business model to increase the value of small individual transactions. CSOs are critical to this effort: They organize farmers in loan groups, promote irrigation technologies, and even install systems. They also help the farmers gain access to consumer financing so that they can afford Amanco’s products. This newly created drip-irrigation market is estimated to be worth $56 million a year. The customers have become more-efficient farmers and enjoy higher and more-certain yields of multiple crops, sometimes tripling their prior income. A Win-Win-Win Proposition Businesses that enter into HVCs can expect three kinds of return on their investments: Pro? ts. HVCs unleash many opportunities for growth. For example, on the basis of their joint research, Ashoka and the consulting firm Hystra estimate that a $553 billion market exists for safe, clean, and affordable energy for low-income consumers. Moreover, if a business can construct an HVC to profitably serve lower-income consumers, it can often provide those services to higher-income consumers as well. Knowledge. Companies that pioneer HVCs will run up the learning curve, leaving competitors behind. And as they gain experience, they can carry their new knowledge into different environments. In â€Å"How GE Is Disrupting Itself† (HBR October 2009), Jeffrey R. Immelt, Vijay Govindarajan, and Chris Trimble write: â€Å"Success in developing countries is a pr erequisite for continued vitality in developed ones. † GE is pushing to â€Å"reverse innovate† products in emerging markets because they can â€Å"create brand-new markets in the developed world—by establishing dramatically lower price points or pioneering new applications. When designed correctly, HVCs, too, can be a prime source of such disruptive offerings. 60 Harvard Business Review September 2010 A NEW ALLIANCE FOR GLOBAL CHANGE? HBR. ORG Talent. HVCs require entrepreneurs who can spot opportunities, devise creative solutions, and collaborate with a diverse group of partners. They give companies a chance to identify and encourage talented leaders. They also attract progressive thinkers and increase commitment to employers, because working on this new frontier of business is exciting, socially relevant, and challenging. CSOs will gain at least as much, beginning with access to cheaper capital. McKinsey estimates that philanthropic capital actually costs those seeking it vironment, customers are often asked to make big compromises because existing business models are inflexible. HVCs can help organizations figure out ways to lessen those compromises. For instance, in many parts of India people use stoves fueled by kerosene or wood to cook and to heat their homes, at great cost to both their personal health and the environment. On the advice of the late C. K. Prahalad, BP partnered with local manufacturers and two Indian Ashoka fellows, Muthu Velayutham and Prema Gopalan, to manufacture and sell biofuel for stoves. What would it mean for your business if you could unlock the potential of a trillion-dollar housing market? anywhere from 25% to 40% of what they get, once the expense of pursuing grants is factored in. Capital from for-profit finance firms typically costs 2% to 5%—and, surprisingly, business sources are much more patient. CSOs, especially early actors, will take market share from other CSOs that can’t pro vide the same goods or services. This will allow them to scale up, driving costs down further. The profits from an HVC can be reinvested in the group’s work or used to subsidize those who can’t pay full price for the service or product. CSOs will attract and retain talented people who want their work to make a positive difference on a large scale. And, last but not least, CSOs will vastly improve the lives of the people they sought to help in the first place. Customers, too, benefit greatly from an HVC. They get lower-cost access to high-quality products, from building materials to medical diagnostic kits. Not every situation calls for an HVC, of course. Three kinds of opportunities are particularly ripe for this form of business strategy: Users’ monthly energy costs dropped, as did their exposure to indoor smoke. Although this business is still in its infancy, the goal is to reach 20 million households in rural India by 2020. BP has decided not to continu e, because it considers the business outside its core product line, but local Indian companies in partnership with CSOs and rural retailers have stepped in to fill the gap. When charitable funding and â€Å"free services† can be replaced with genuine markets. Innovative pricing and new approaches can lead to goods and services that deliver both traditional and new value. Microcredit comes to mind: Thanks to the work of Grameen Bank and similar lending organizations worldwide, microborrowers have been able to create their own businesses—spurring economic growth in their communities—while generating a multibillion-dollar finance industry. Constructing a Hybrid Value Chain From our experience devising HVCs and working with organizations involved in hem, we offer the following advice to executives who are ready to build their own: When the citizen sector is large and growing fast. Ashoka estimates that the global low-income health care market is now worth $202 bi llion but will grow exponentially because of emerging business and social innovations. The global low-income food market is even more immense: a fast-growing $3. 6 trillion. Any entrepreneur’s heart would beat faster thinking about all this untapped potential. Ask hard questions about how the business is currently done. The value chain concept, developed simultaneously in the 1980s by Michael Porter and a group of McKinsey consultants, replaced a framework called the business system, which essentially created a product, made it, and sold it. The value chain involves choosing, providing, and September 2010 Harvard Business Review 61 When market values are changing dramatically. In markets such as energy and the en- SPOTLIGHT CAN ENTREPRENEURS SAVE THE WORLD? A Huge Market, and Not Just at the Bottom tom What’s the value of the untapped markets that might be reached by hybrid value chains? If we consider only lowincome consumers, it was more than $6 trillion (in in ternational dollars) in 2005, according to a pioneering study by the World Resources Institute and the International Finance Corporation. Market opportunities in emerging economies have increased sharply since then, because of rising populations and incomes in India, China, Brazil, and elsewhere. A conservative estimate is that these markets have grown 5% annually since 2005. The bulk of the total value comes from: $ 2 202B MARKET FOR HEALTH CARE MARKET FOR LOW-COST HOUSING 4 $424B Look for pricing and ? nancing innovations. communicating the value. It forces managers and strategists to examine the relationship between benefits and price. It pushes executives to think deeply about how customers define price: Do they focus on purchase price or lifetime costs? How price sensitive are different segments? How elastic is demand? These are all critical questions for the would-be creator of a hybrid value chain. Organizations considering one must think holistically about their business str ategy and the industry they’re in. atients in rural areas lacked transportation and needed to work long hours. By putting clinics nearby and using technology to bring doctors to patients, Healthpoint unlocked latent demand, showing that even low-income consumers are willing to pay for quality services. This is a critical point. Just like businesses, HVCs need different types of capital at different stages of their life cycles. They may need up-front seed money, but sooner rather than later, customers will have to pay for the product or service they’re receiving. And designers of HVCs will have to come up with appropriate financing solutions. They may work with nontraditional partners—some utility companies, for instance, provide â€Å"retail† financing at relatively low risk because they are close to their customers— or they may need to work with the usual suspects in unusual ways: The Indian company Selco brought its $400 solar home-lighting sy stem within reach of customers by working with banks and microfinance institutions to help the lenders understand how solar products increase productivity. Other organizations turn to leasing models. Commercial microcredit funds are an early (if small) example of how the finance industry profitably provides direct investments in citizen-sector work. The industry can do so because there are 120 to 150 large, well-established microcredit lenders in whose securities these funds can safely invest large sums without incurring significant expense. Financial institutions will have many attractive opportunities to invest in markets created by hybrid value chains. Indeed, HVCs present a huge opportunity for the finance industry. Here is why: First, because HVCs are businesses, they are both stable and easily understood by businesspeople. Second, HVCs with successful financing structures can generate what finance firms love—millions of loans that $ Reconceive value along multiple dimensions to ? nd new markets. The for-profit Healthpoint Services, incubated at Ashoka, brings together Indian businesses, citizen-sector groups, and forprofit venture capital and social funds to deliver modern, evidence-based health care to rural villages in India. Its clinics, called E Health Points, use telemedicine—video technology and electronic medical records—so that patients don’t have to travel for a day or more (and sacrifice income during that time) to reach a doctor. The clinics keep costs low for patients with a combination of advanced point-of-care diagnostics, generic drugs, and careful local staffing. Consultations are just $1. Many diagnostic tests cost less than 50 cents; none costs more than $4. The clinics also provide clean drinking and cooking water on a monthly subscription basis at a cost of roughly 5 cents a day per household. And when customers come to collect their water, staffers take the opportunity to raise awareness of hea lth issues and early prevention. On the basis of initial success, the finance minister for Punjab has asked that 600 E Health Points be built in that state. Models like this can be exported to many countries, including developed ones, turning scarcity into abundance. Healthpoint already has pilots planned in Southeast Asia and Latin America. For its target market, the scarcity was access to services: Most 62 Harvard Business Review September 2010 A NEW ALLIANCE FOR GLOBAL CHANGE? HBR. ORG 3 36 $ t trillion o 5 3 553B have low transaction costs and low to moderate risk. (Such financing structures themselves are commonly HVCs: CSOs make the loans and sell them to bankers. ) Third, packaging these loans allows financial companies to give their clients a choice among significant social impacts (from housing to education) and locations (from Brazil to Poland) along with solid returns. At least for early movers, the ability to offer so much choice will confer a competitive advantage. Itâ €™s time for the finance industry to develop smart ways for clients to invest in the world and the people who want to change it. Right now, those investors are limited to foundations and various kinds of â€Å"impact philanthropy. † Individuals and institutions should instead be able to invest in financial products that deliver solid returns and enable people to irrigate their land, rebuild their homes, educate their children, and transport products to market. Investors should be able to weigh their risks and rewards on the basis of financial as well as other returns they value. Organize to innovate. Two distinct innovation challenges arise when building HVCs—finding good ideas and developing business models to deliver them at scale. Ideas are everywhere, of course, but they increasingly come from emerging markets. Mukesh Ambani, the chairman and managing director of Reliance Industries, says, â€Å"Twenty years from now we will not talk about garages in Sil icon Valley. We will talk about projects in rural areas of India, which are then scaled all over the world. † The Ashoka-Lemelson Fellows program has identified 100 inventor-entrepreneurs, largely from developing countries, who have launched social enterprises in clean energy, mobile technology, water and sanitation, and many other areas. We’ve already mentioned that GE and others have learned to reverse-innovate products designed for emerging MARKET FOR ENERGY MARKET FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND FOOD These markets are all much larger than the oft-touted and explosive one for mobile telephony among low-income populations—and the potential market for HVCs overall certainly exceeds their total value, because HVCs can spread across the economic spectrum. Consider the need for improved education and health care among the urban middle classes in developing countries, or the demand for lower-cost health care, morenutritional food, and a? rdable housing in wealthy c ountries like the United States. markets. Keeping a close eye on these markets is a good first step. Because HVCs are still evolving, there’s no single formula for success. But experience has taught us some lessons about the second challenge—developing business models. We know, for instance, that companies wrestle with where to house their hybrid ventures. We recommend not categorizing such efforts as corporate social responsibility, because the CSR arms of most companies focus on doing good and demonstrating impact but are rarely asked to generate healthy returns. Appoint a leader. HVCs, which start as constellations of potential players, are not self-organizing. It’s time the ? nance industry developed smart ways to invest in the world and those who want to change it. Someone must take the lead and decide who is in and who is out. Because HVCs are a pathway to explosive growth, both partners—corporations and CSOs—will want to assign talented e xecutives to the opportunity. Those people must be patient, persistent, and able to earn the trust of all the actors—that is, they must be empathetic, good at team building, and willing to work directly both across sectors and with unfamiliar suppliers and customers. A corporate intrapreneur or the head of a CSO might lead the team—whoever it is, he or she will have to manage lots of complex moving pieces as the HVC forms. Give the team time and permission to fail. Organizations can afford to tolerate missteps and September 2010 Harvard Business Review 63 SPOTLIGHT CAN ENTREPRENEURS SAVE THE WORLD? The Four Criteria for an HVC Hybrid value chains hains ains can transform industries and create whole new ones if they es meet these criteria: teria: 24 13 HBR. ORG The business has the s th potential to be la in large arge ss scale and to cros borders. ross b wi h ill The best HVCs will have impact, n , enormous impact, not only bott bottom tt on a company’s b tto m millio o lives ons line but on millions of lives. social For-pro? ts and s cial ent trepreneurs work together wor rk her t to create multip kinds ple multiple o val Companies of value. Companies and ompa c citizen-sector organizations org ganizations c capitalize on their particutheir lar areas of expertise to reas expe ertise deliver valuable deliver a valuable product o or service that ne either neither partner could provide on provide its own. C Consumers— —broadly Consumers—broadly d de? ned—pay for the y p product or s service. This s is is not charity work or a y r C CSR project. Sustainability ainability a scalability and scalability rest on p pro? tability. A system-changing idea provides the basis for new c competition. Muhammad Y Yunus’s microcredit idea o of 30 years ago has been e expanded to include health care and insurance products as well as ? nancial services. failures when the goal is to exploit an immense opportunity. Learni ng what doesn’t work will move them one step closer to discovering what does. Of course, results are important—sooner or later the business model needs to show that it can be profitable and scalable. It’s critical to strike a balance between being patient and being demanding. Remember Tracy Kidder’s marvelous book The Soul of a New Machine, about a project team and its race to develop a new computer? Forming a hybrid value chain is a similar story: It involves a relentless team of players who are ready to welcome risks and challenges because they believe strongly that what they are doing is not only about profits but also about human progress. MANY PEOPLE today have the sense that as change accelerates, the world’s problems are multiplying faster than solutions. Slums are growing daily; affordable and sustainable energy is elusive; we are failing to provide adequate health care for many citizens. Whatever the issue may be, we believe that the most powerful and profitable answer is often a new form of partnership between business and the citizen sector, which is now composed of millions of competent and competitive organizations, often led by entrepreneurs. The more eyes we have on society’s problems—and opportunities—the better our chances of coming up with viable solutions. HBR Reprint R1009C â€Å"Impressive resume. Can you still be reached at [emailprotected] com? † CARTOON: TIM LACHOWSKI 64 Harvard Business Review September 2010 Harvard Business Review Notice of Use Restrictions, May 2009 Harvard Business Review and Harvard Business Publishing Newsletter content on EBSCOhost is licensed for the private individual use of authorized EBSCOhost users. It is not intended for use as assigned course material in academic institutions nor as corporate learning or training materials in businesses. Academic licensees may not use this content in electronic reserves, electronic course packs, per sistent linking from syllabi or by any other means of incorporating the content into course resources. Business licensees may not host this content on learning management systems or use persistent linking or other means to incorporate the content into learning management systems. Harvard Business Publishing will be pleased to grant permission to make this content available through such means. For rates and permission, contact [emailprotected] org. Harvard Business Review Notice of Use Restrictions, May 2009 Harvard Business Review and Harvard Business Publishing Newsletter content on EBSCOhost is licensed for the private individual use of authorized EBSCOhost users. It is not intended for use as assigned course material in academic institutions nor as corporate learning or training materials in businesses. Academic licensees may not use this content in electronic reserves, electronic course packs, persistent linking from syllabi or by any other means of incorporating the conte nt into course resources. Business licensees may not host this content on learning management systems or use persistent linking or other means to incorporate the content into learning management systems. Harvard Business Publishing will be pleased to grant permission to make this content available through such means. For rates and permission, contact [emailprotected] org.

Common Examples of Essay Samples For the Commonwealth Scholarship

<h1>Common Examples of Essay Samples For the Commonwealth Scholarship</h1><p>A number of paper tests exist that have a Commonwealth Scholarship program in which the understudies can get an alternative of a grant. This program is intended to give help to the individuals who are searching for proficient preparing. This grant program likewise underpins understudies that need to get into a scholastic program so as to win a degree.</p><p></p><p>These paper tests are promptly accessible in the Internet and on the web so as to help the understudies in rounding out the structures and archives vital so as to apply for the Commonwealth Scholarship. Nonetheless, there are various sorts of papers that are utilized for this program. Understudies need to guarantee that they utilize these structures and archives, if just to spare some time.</p><p></p><p>The Commonwealth Scholarship program gives various article tests for a wide range of various subjects. The exposition test that is most normally utilized for this program is the one wherein understudies are gotten some information about the advantages that they can get from the grant. By furnishing understudies with some data about the program in which they might want to apply, it makes it simpler for the understudies to experience the application procedure in a smooth manner.</p><p></p><p>In a few cases, the articles that are accessible for the Commonwealth Scholarship program are long. This is particularly so when there will be some mind boggling things that must be shrouded in the article. In any case, much of the time, it can help for the understudies to top off the paper with only a couple of sentences or a section at most.</p><p></p><p>In most cases, the Commonwealth Scholarship test has a pre-designed configuration and a prepared to utilize format. In that capacity, the understudies don't need to do anything else so as to round out the essential structures and records. Furthermore, it additionally encourages for the understudies to guarantee that they don't sit around idly time when composing the essay.</p><p></p><p>The understudies that will be applying for the Commonwealth Scholarship can discover an assortment of paper tests accessible for them to utilize. There are a lot of such examples that are offered by the schools and colleges in the United States and abroad. Moreover, the understudies can likewise locate a wide assortment of Commonwealth Scholarship programs accessible in various areas.</p><p></p><p>The understudies ought to along these lines guarantee that they check the quantity of these projects that they can benefit of and that they go for the most ideal one. It is additionally significant for the understudies to remember that every one of the Commonwealth Scholarship paper tests can differ regarding the points that they spr ead. Hence, it is significant for the understudies to guarantee that they select the most suitable kind of paper tests that they can use.</p><p></p><p>The Commonwealth Scholarship program is an extraordinary open door for the understudies. This program offers the understudies with a chance to concentrate abroad and escape from their regular day to day existence. They can even proceed with their instruction in another country.</p>

Does John Jay Has a Specific Essay Topics

Does John Jay Has a Specific Essay Topics?Has John Jay, 'the hero of the national anthem', had all his essay topics written for him? Or did some unknown political operative just write them all for him? In this article we take a look at the scenario. The following pieces were all taken from the public domain and are therefore completely legal.'A Juror's Privilege' by Joseph P. Sansone. Sansone, a professor at Rutgers Law School in New Jersey is often associated with conservative thinking on free speech issues. His essay on the US Constitution was of great interest to me. It deals with issues of free speech, the courts, jury nullification, the implications of race in jury selection, and racial discrimination. This essay has been extensively used and is widely considered to be a must read for anyone interested in the study of jury trials.'In Defense of Decency' by James Madison. This essay by James Madison is a classic example of an essay that took place during the revolutionary era and is written in a very strong voice and filled with satire. It is an extremely interesting read for anyone interested in the subject.'Another View of the Same Subject' by John Taylor Gatto. This is one of my favorites essay topics on the subject. What makes this essay particularly noteworthy is that it is about another example of a student who put together his own essay on the same topic. We all know that students can be wildly inventive.'My Conclusion: Is John Jay a Fungus?' by Kirk Cameron. A short article by Cameron on this topic, where he questions the validity of 'The Hero of the National Anthem' is an interesting read. 'John Jay a Rhetorical Paroxysm?' by Terry Gannon.There is a lot more great essay topics out there that I could list but I feel I would get to my point. I am not sure why there is a problem with essay topics, but I am glad that it is there at all. Please feel free to share any other great essay topics in the comments.I will also add that as far as a free public d omain essay topic goes, John Jay, the hero of the National Anthem, has one of the best. In fact, if he wanted it he could get it!

Tips On How To Write An Essay

Tips On How To Write An EssayWriting an informative paper can assist you with showing to others why they ought to have recruited you, a sales rep or even a school teacher. A paper will demonstrate your insight about a specific subject and furthermore demonstrate that you can compose well. There are a few different ways to compose an exposition, some of them include: perusing a book on the point, taking a class in a specific subject or in any event, composing a paper yourself.Most of the time we read and know more than what is written in a useful article. It isn't generally the situation yet more regularly it is. The purpose behind this is our eyes are quite a lot more skilled and touchy to what is written in the article or the expositions than it is to peruse words on a page. We will in general spotlight on the language utilized, the manner of speaking and even the sentence structure recorded as a hard copy an article or even in an essay.You can likewise utilize pictures to catch con sideration and demonstrate your character to your perusers. Utilizing pictures to do this is simple and now and then it very well may be as basic as an image in a crate toward the finish of the paper or an outline.When I was figuring out how to compose my first exposition, I would frequently be attempting to think of thoughts for sentences and simply needing to get something recorded. When I chose to take a stab at composing an exposition, I tried tuning in to Michael Jordan's b-ball tapes, particularly his spilling. I at that point attempted to follow the tapes with my hands and legs. At that point I had the option to settle on a couple of essential decisions and when I could get those words out I was fine.Once you have a ton of jargon and a thought of the kind of subject that you need to expound on you have to choose the structure of your exposition and whether you are going to put all the focuses on one side or in the event that you will part them into parts. The primary concern to recollect is that you need to make a structure that you will stickto. When you do this you will have the option to compose a paper in a characteristic way.It is likewise essential to locate the ideal words to depict the subjects that you are expounding on. This is significant on the grounds that when you do this you will have the option to utilize an article for reading and a portrayal for individuals that may be perusing the article.Remember that composing a paper requires a ton of work and meticulousness. You need to ensure that you set up as a regular occurrence the data that you learned in the class, the course and through perusing and even from tuning in to a sound record.

Top Guide of Ms Beaton Outsiders Essay Topics

<h1>Top Guide of Ms Beaton Outsiders Essay Topics </h1> <p>Next, I will utilize implications. Pariahs paper likewise requires some sort of foundation data on somebody's nation and money related status. </p> <p>The regret that life isn't reasonable is a significant subject inside this story. Highlights of the setting incorporate that it's an awful setting. Clarify the motivation behind why this topic is fascinating. It's a topic that overwhelms youths all around the globe. In outline, the topic of society and class inside this book is very significant. </p> <p>Hinton made a gigantic symbolism, solid characters like Dallas Winston and elite characters that are fixated on Mickey Mouse kid's shows. This eighth for Darry's emotions is a gigantic change from the way Ponyboy respected his most seasoned sibling in the beginning of the novel. Ponyboy Curtis is the chief character of this novel. </p> <h2> Ms Beaton Outsiders Essay Topics Fe atures</h2> <p>Self worth may likewise be joined into the opportunity to succeed. Books are tested and prohibited for quite a while. Soft drink additionally accepts he is doing the right thing by helping bolster his friends and family. Individuals of the top class realize they are viewed for their exquisite and refined lifestyle, thus endeavor to keep up that precise conduct. Heaps of individuals have attempted to make sense of absolutely what it is that makes up an unmistakable social class. </p> <p>Being an untouchable is an issue of point of view. Greasers will regardless be untouchables and Socs will in any case be Socs. </p> <p>They are notable for their since quite a while ago, lubed hair. They've a well put together look in contrast with the Greasers defiant appearance. Instead of floundering in misery they discover the solidarity to raise and find the appeal of earth. Her hardest tone to hold, implies your childhood, which is spoken to by the term shade inside this line, is difficult to keep, which is spoken to by the term hold inside this line, as you continue developing. At the point when Bob expresses this current he's making a decision about the Greasers by their look. </p> <h2> Key Pieces of Ms Beaton Outsiders Essay Topics</h2> <p>This is to a great extent in light of the fact that to have the option to accomplish these high-class assets, one needs a more noteworthy level of instruction and preparing. We will overlook it should you win, or when you don't. </p> <h2>Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Ms Beaton Outsiders Essay Topics Is Wrong </h2> <p>You additionally need to copy a CD with the tunes and make fine art to let it all out. In the case of everything shows up fine, you may download it right away. </p> <h2>What Ms Beaton Outsiders Essay Topics Is - and What it Is Not </h2> <p>Both bunches are simply adolescents endeavoring t o find their way throughout everyday life. Without a doubt the most remarkable issue is that life isn't reasonable. This worry for Darry's sentiments is a colossal change from the way Ponyboy respected his most established sibling in the beginning of the novel. By understanding that demise at a young age is just as uncalled for them all, Pony is in a situation to endure, however to legitimize his own reality. </p> <h2> Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Ms Beaton Outsiders Essay Topics </h2> <p>Sodapop additionally battled ending up inside his kin since they were continually battling and he'd generally battle to have a side. They weren't looking for a battle. Furthermore, I feel that albeit a person's social class in some cases characterizes their situation throughout everyday life, the majority of us have to stop and understand that at the end of the day, the greater part of us live in the indistinguishable world, under precisely the same sun. Their folks pas sed on in a car collision and they're essentially endeavoring to make their way through life. </p> <h2> The Lost Secret of Ms Beaton Outsiders Essay Topics </h2> <p>He's solicited you to aggregate a testing from the melodies which you would put on the soundtrack. Ponyboy claims this in the beginning of the film while portraying the Greasers. They are stunning whodunits with a weaving yet direct plot. Them two are hailed as legends in the local paper. </p> <h2> Key Pieces of Ms Beaton Outsiders Essay Topics </h2> <p>I intended to utilize a variety of assets from a few times and societies. I needn't bother with this to transpire. </p> <h2> Getting the Best Ms Beaton Outsiders Essay Topics</h2> <p>Johnny needs beyond words have the option to see correctly how futile it is. He executes Bob so as to spare Ponyboy. </p> <h2>The Most Popular Ms Beaton Outsiders Essay Topics </h2> <p>Amazing rati ng and extraordinary surveys should reveal to you everything that you need to comprehend about this superb composing administration. Remember, your commendation will be recited for all to hear, so verify you read it so anyone might hear while altering. To begin with, I will utilize hinting. There's been difference concerning the peak of the plot improvement inside this work. </p> <p>Just contact our help directors, in the event that you have a bizarre errand to do, and we'll doubtlessly discover somebody to help you. The more you enlighten us concerning your necessities, the better exposition assist we'll with being in a situation to give. The setting impacts the character by a remarkable arrangement since if not for the poverty of the territory, Ponyboy would a totally different individual. It takes a novel kind of individual so as to act at the most reasonable second in the barrier of others, and Johnny is that valiant person. </p> <p>Although in the beginn ing of the book the Socs and Greasers detest each other, they begin to acknowledge they're not excessively unique and have a few likenesses. For example, the siblings' folks spent away eight months before the beginning of this novel. Most of the Hamish Macbeth books aren't extensive peruses. I feel it's a prevalent book, alongside an extraordinary film. </p> <h2> The Number One Question You Must Ask for Ms Beaton Outsiders Essay Topics </h2> <p>When these examples may gracefully you with great proposals for your own exposition, attempt to recollect that copyright infringement is very dangerous venture. On the off chance that you don't see how to start your paper or where to look for supporting information, we'll be glad to support you. PaperCoach will have the option to assist you with every one of your papers, so take a glance as of now! This is an especially noteworthy factor in the event that you need to create a paper. </p> <p>The Socs are dis tinctive to The Greasers since they have much more chances to prevail because of their financial positioning. They were looking to have a place. Our resume composing administration can save you a lot of sorrow and lift your chances of finding an incredible line of work directly from school. </p>

Topics For HIV And Aids Research Paper

<h1>Topics For HIV And Aids Research Paper</h1><p>Writing about subjects for HIV and AIDS investigate is a significant an aspect of your responsibilities. This is the way that the legislature chooses where their cash will be spent and how a lot. Furthermore, that implies you are making a commitment to that process.</p><p></p><p>The subject of your examination paper relies upon the sort of research you need to do. For instance, on the off chance that you are doing a clinical research, you may need to expound on clinical subjects. On the off chance that you are doing an instructive research paper, you may need to expound on subjects in training. The more itemized your exploration paper is, the more cash you will get.</p><p></p><p>Your general enthusiasm for your examination will assist you with getting the consideration you need. Indeed, here and there you won't have to compose the entire thing. The point for HIV and AID S research might be only a concise proclamation about what you are studying.</p><p></p><p>Of course, this won't make it any simpler to compose a subject for explore paper, however it will assist you with beginning on the correct foot. You can request a proposition or a cutoff time for when you have to compose your examination paper. When you are certain that you are prepared to begin, you should choose whether you need to write in a diary or online.</p><p></p><p>If you are writing in an online diary, you might need to pick a point that is as of now being used by another person. For instance, on the off chance that you have a subject in brain science, you can pick one identified with it and utilize a similar phrasing to depict the exploration. This will tell others that you are doing whatever it takes not to make another theme, yet rather an approach to get your name out there.</p><p></p><p>If you are writing in online diaries, you ought to be happy to consider some fresh possibilities a tad. Take a case of an exploration subject in sports and preparing. Numerous individuals would need to know why certain activities are well known in one game yet not another.</p><p></p><p>You can discover answers to these inquiries, so you may need to remember something about human execution for an examination paper about preparing and sports. Maybe, you could give a case of an alternate game that is mainstream in your state or in a nation that isn't your own. When you are prepared to compose, there are numerous assets accessible on the Internet to help you.</p>

Topics For a Rogerian Argument Essay

<h1>Topics For a Rogerian Argument Essay</h1><p>Writing a contention paper ought to be perhaps the most effortless activity, yet it despite everything takes some aptitude and information to effectively compose the best points for a Rogerian contention. With such a significant number of individuals attempting to sell you on selling various items, you will be befuddled concerning what your article ought to contain.</p><p></p><p>As a speedy model, you have a contention against homosexuality and you might want to contend that gay people are not brought into the world that way. In this way, suppose you can't help contradicting the gay hall expressing that they are in fact brought into the world along these lines, yet they experience a ton of mental or social molding to feel that way. It is just regular that they would then search for approaches to legitimize it and afterward make up rules so as to fit the wants of their mind.</p><p>< ;/p><p>You can begin your paper by tending to the different decisions of why you accept that a gay isn't brought into the world thusly. These will be your reason for saying that they are to be sure not brought into the world along these lines. There are some genuine models in writing of this, for example, Dr. Fowler's Girl With A Dragon Tattoo by Stieg Larsson, or the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald.</p><p></p><p>Another genuine model would be the situation that Adam was put here to compensate for all the transgendered that have perpetrated wrongdoings. He was made in the picture of God and can possibly effectively comprehend and acknowledge his job as the leader of all life. You can discover instances of this in Plato's Republic. Each of these can be your reason for contention, and you may utilize them as your premise on the off chance that you feel great and certain enough to express these thoughts.</p><p></p><p&g t;You should likewise raise the genuine reasons why your conviction that gay people are not brought into the world along these lines is certainly not something to be thankful for. This is the place you will characterize the rationale behind the contention that expresses that gay people are not brought into the world along these lines. To demonstrate this, you should refer to entries from the Bible that help this.</p><p></p><p>Your exposition can be very protracted on the off chance that you feel that you have to demonstrate your point with citations and logical terms, and you may even utilize a logical reference book for references and definitions. In any case, on the off chance that you basically wish to clarify your position that a gay isn't brought into the world thusly, at that point you might need to pick two or three passages to exhibit how they are really not.</p><p></p><p>There are a few exercises to be gained from the above mo dels. To start with, Rogerian contentions are about a specific point, but instead a perspective. A Rogerian contention depends on mental investigations that show that individuals who are liberal in their reasoning are bound to conflict with their own thoughts when tested or when they discover opposing points.</p><p></p><p>Liberals for the most part originate from a materialistic viewpoint, which they may be 'brought into the world' with, yet on the off chance that you raise the presence of mind of your contention they may simply agree with your stance, expecting that they can't envision that there are different decisions throughout everyday life. This is the reason you ought to never expect that you are correct in view of your conviction framework. Rather, you should utilize thinking and demonstrate reality of your points.</p>

The 5-Minute Rule for How to Write a College Statement of Purpose Essay

<h1> The 5-Minute Rule for How to Write a College Statement of Purpose Essay </h1> <h2>Definitions of How to Write a College Statement of Purpose Essay </h2> <p>When you start composing, don't be worried about your exposition's length. The paper ought to be close to home. Each article must, in this manner, have a reason, and the purpose of your exposition is chosen by your objective for an author, along with your subject issue. The central paper plot is an extremely straightforward layout that could help with any assortment of points. </p> <p>Before you start altering, put your article in a safe spot for an about seven days. As you read the example expositions, endeavor to see the manner in which the essayist either followed or wandered from the previously mentioned design. The Uni Tutor article composing administration in england utilizes specialists who will have the option to help you in making the key body out of the exposition. </p> <p>To do this, you need to make sense of what explicitly you're concentrating on and the manner in which you'll structure your article. In the event that you wish to start your article having a progressively in general portrayal of what you will examine, it's despite everything genuine that you should guarantee it is explicit and one of a kind enough to stick out. On the off chance that your exposition doesn't feature you as a really unmistakable candidate, it won't serve your government assistance in the front of the entrance advisory board. Prior to beginning composing your exposition, it's basic that you read, and after that rehash, the guidelines for composing the article. </p> <h2> The Secret to How to Write a College Statement of Purpose Essay</h2> <p>If you understand that you are attempting to create thoughts for any of the previously mentioned places, there are a few things you may do. You may be astonished at how vastly different your work soun ds to another person. Anyway much you may wish to be done subsequent to composing an absolute first draft you should set aside some effort to alter. Maybe you feel increasingly great plunking down and composing the whole draft from starting to complete in 1 go. </p> <p>Every school requests something other than what's expected, and everyone's life contrasts. Most prompts are general enough that you can build up a thought and fit it to the inquiry. Not having an intelligent heading for your thoughts and thoughts is an incessant slip-up. In the event that you've been mentioned to compose with the objective of clarifying, it's constantly a magnificent plan to choose to clarify something you're as of now familiar with. </p> <h2>Choosing How to Write a College Statement of Purpose Essay </h2> <p>Do not naturally imagine that glancing through the handout is adequate to flexibly you with a comprehension of what the advisory group will be scanning for in your mission statement. Having a great articulation for a confirmation paper should adhere to a guidance, so you should unravel about the edge you will consider. In case you're applying to more than 1 school, ensure you cook every application letter to the particular school it will be sent to. At the point when a workmanship school gives the choice of presenting an individual proclamation, it could be enticing for renounce the opportunity. </p> <p>Evaluate whether you accept the author was clear in their mission statement and that which you may do any other way once you compose your own. It tends to be hard to tell what things to remember for every individual piece of your composition. On the off chance that you endeavor to take on an incredibly wide subject, you are going to wind up with a mess of general articulations and exhausting arrangements of your achievements. </p> <p>If there's some other data you genuinely think the confirmations official should think about you, incorporate it here. You should simply give us insights concerning yourself that we'll use to customize your mission statement arrangement to fulfill your inclination and capabilities. In case you're applying to a PhD program, attempting to work out what to state in your mission statement or private explanation might be the hardest part of the application, yet it's the most fundamental. Regardless of whether it's an individual explanation for school or a response to a contemporary social issue, 1 thing stays valid. </p> <h2> Finding the Best How to Write a College Statement of Purpose Essay </h2> <p>Graduate schools care about both substance and design, however during the creative cycle, it is intelligent to focus first on content and consider style all the more intently once you comprehend what you have to state. Schools wish to acknowledge what you're k een on and how you plan to move in the direction of your points. As schools and colleges become progressively increasingly particular, it turns out to be more and harder to get acknowledged to the school of your pick. </p>

King Khafra ( Or Chephren ) - 1993 Words

King Khafra (or Chephren, this vision is shown in the description for his statue in Egyptian Museum), who’s name and face are well-known by the Second Pyramid and the Great Sphinx, is now sitting in the exhibition of old kingdom in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo. A statue of King Khafre which comes from 2500BC is now placed in the centre of the exhibition. It is found in Khafra’s magnificent Valley Temple, and is believed to be the one of the twenty-tree statues which belonged to the Valley Temple in Giza. The statuary is the quintessential expression of kingship, and it reflects factors concerning art, culture, economy or other elements during 4th Dynasty in ancient Egypt. According to Egyptian sculptor Adam Haneen, The Old Kingdom is the†¦show more content†¦The false beard is broken, but it does not loss its meaning: a symbol of god. Most of the male gods in ancient Egypt wearing beards. The beard is a fascinating element in ancient Egyptian art, most of the pha raonic sculpture has a false beard, to claim the position of royal family, and an embodiment of gods, because the beard was considered to be a divine attribute of the gods. In accordance with this religious formula, the pharaoh would express his status as a living god by wearing a false beard secured by a cord on certain occasions. Also, the false beard can support the head of the sculpture to avoid breaking from the neck. What under his serious-looking face is a muscular body. Egyptian were expert in idealizing their rulers, and this one is no exception. It is difficult to believe that all the pharaohs had such good build as they used to be richest, well looked after men. However most of the pharaohs convince everyone that he is the best man in the world, he is divine, and chosen by the gods, no wonder why they have a perfect body. Besides, a muscular and powerful body is required in a sense of protecting all his people from the enemies. In contrast to the pharaoh, the sculpture of Sheikh el-Balad, who was the chief lector priest, is far more life-like for a fat body with a beer belly. The sculpture of Sheikh el-Balad is displayed just next to the Diorite Statue of King Khafra, the difference between the two statues is obvious.The Diorite Statue of

What I Learned About Writing and Reading in English Today

<h1>What I Learned About Writing and Reading in English Today</h1><p>What I found out about composition and perusing in English today. From time to time an understudy will peruse a specific entry in a paper or another understudy will partake in an article and the understudy who read the section will be out of their region. Prior to composing this paper, I need to address some basic things understudies will locate the most helpful.</p><p></p><p>The first interesting point recorded as a hard copy an exposition is, you are not the intended interest group. This implies you don't need to fundamentally write similarly your educator instructs you to do. As you'll before long discover, one of the most well-known slip-ups that understudies make is placing an excess of thought into what is being said. Instead of concentrating on the thoughts being utilized in the paper, attempt to place yourself in the situation of the peruser, not the presenter.</p ><p></p><p>However, that doesn't mean you need to depend on something you've perused. Set aside the effort to tune in to the crowd, in any case, on the off chance that you have done so in advance. In any event, you should consider making a stride back and take a gander at the article from an alternate perspective. You could start by looking into any focuses that make the paper intriguing or difficult.</p><p></p><p>Many times understudies will be directed to take explicit focuses in the article and use them to help their contention. Be that as it may, it isn't constantly important to have your own conclusions or purposes behind what is being said. Rather, look at the material with an alternate and fair-minded eye. Rather than concentrating on what you need to state, let your musings change to mirror the change in circumstances.</p><p></p><p>Another interesting point is to maintain a strategic distance from what are regularly alluded to as, procedures and aptitudes. The peruser isn't really searching for your own procedure or information. The equivalent is valid in your composition. One of the issues that numerous understudies face is composing something that is excessively scholastic. Instead of composing as an understudy, compose as an aloof reader.</p><p></p><p>In respects to the last piece of the issue, composing isn't generally as straightforward as it might appear. On the off chance that you are composing a paper, almost certainly, the words you are utilizing are the topic of conversation. Each and every word you use can mean something. Actually, it is imperative to rehearse words for instance. There is a contrast between an everyday word and a helpful word, so let your brain open to its inventive possibilities.</p><p></p><p>One of the most significant thing that you can do is discover somebody to evaluate your work. The understudy can perus e your paper and point out specific words or thoughts that may not appear to be proper or supportive. There is additionally the chance of the understudy taking note of specific things that you may have disregarded. It can likewise assist with having a companion perused your article and give you some extra input.</p>

Ap Lit Essay Samples 2015 at a Glance

<h1> Ap Lit Essay Samples 2015 at a Glance </h1> <h2>Things You Won't Like About Ap Lit Essay Samples 2015 and Things You Will </h2> <p>Girls who participate in sports oftentimes have effective fates with respect to their professions and cultural lives. The jug should be straightforward for instructors to guarantee that understudies don't drink whatever else. While endeavoring to realize how to create a powerful paper bit by bit, understudies disregard another urgent movement. </p> <p>As you as of now observe from the previously mentioned convincing article tests, these assortments of papers can be very extraordinary. Remember that any pugnacious paper test you'll find on the web will require a full revamping so as to forestall unoriginality. While there isn't any one right strategy to make these expositions, this page will give you some extraordinary practices to consider when figuring out how to make an enticing paper. Simply hold fast to t he rules expressed above, and you will be well en route to composing an extraordinary convincing paper. </p> <p>Which is actually why we here offer you some enticing article tests that could help you with your own. Composing a paper is a basic job in academe life. A powerful article must have the option to snatch the enthusiasm of the people perusing it without any problem. Your powerful article will have a great deal of sections. </p> <p>Without a proposal, it's unrealistic that you present a gainful contention. The most straightforward way to deal with create a generally excellent powerful exposition is to picked a point you're certain about. The objective of an influential paper is to persuade your perusers your perspective is the perfect perspective. See that the target of a convincing discourse is much the same as the reason for composing a contentious or powerful exposition. </p> <p>You may confide in us to gracefully master help for a considerable lot of your scholastic composing needs. Reception is a substitute arrangement. It is an answer There are numerous childless couples who might be more than ready to give a quite steady home for an undesirable infant. </p> <p>Despite the way that you pay for schoolwork, we give those choices at no expense. Understudies ought to pick which position they have to take dependent on the sum and gauge of the focuses they're in a situation to t hink of to help their position. </p> <p>There's, obviously, a cutoff on the assortment of pages even our best authors can deliver with a squeezing cutoff time, however for the most part, we make sense of how to fulfill all the customers looking for earnest help. The criticalness of research in powerful composing can't be exaggerated. The objective of conceptualizing is to help you in getting thoughts. The issue, in any case, is that not all organizations can be depended upon so as to convey quality papers on schedule so you should be careful in choosing one. </p> <h2> The Ap Lit Essay Samples 2015 Stories</h2> <p>A convincing discourse is given the point of convincing the crowd to feel a specific way, to make a particular move, or to help a specific view or cause. You should fuse a particular expression for all of your subjects of evaluation. Before recording the realities and models that you're probably going to handle, you should be all around educated, above all else, about your theme. M ost scholarly exposition subjects as a rule request that you pick a side in a contention or perhaps to shield a particular side against analysis. </p> <p>Such a section may join a brief outline of the plans to be talked about in body of the paper together with other data identified with your paper's contention. Indisputably the most significant job of the initial section, by the by, is to introduce an exceptionally away from of the paper's contention. In your presentation section, it is adequate to present the point and offer significant foundation information. Models may likewise be remembered for every last one of the body sections to extra help and explain your chief focuses. </p> <h2> The War Against Ap Lit Essay Samples 2015</h2> <p>Then you're keen on making sense of how to create influential paper. As you keep on preparing for the AP English Literature free-reaction part of the test, advantage from the numerous assets refered to thus. Having proof isn't sufficient. </p> <p>You need to see how to make a powerful article as it is an ordinary establishment for an understudy's evaluation. Attempting to convince your instructor might be very debilitating. In such a situation, an understudy is expected to choose an appropriate theme to expound on. There are loads of powerful exposition models undergrads can utilize on the web. </p> <p>How the sonnet is in second individual additionally raises the closeness of the sonnet. Choosing a fantastic theme for your paper is among the most basic and every now and again precarious parts for some understudies. Don't hesitate to pick a point which you will savor the experience of expounding on and not only one which you think will satisfy your educator. </p>

The Secrets to Using Short College Essay Samples

The Secrets to Using Short College Essay SamplesIf you have recently graduated from college, there are a great many different short college essay samples that are available to help you with your assignment. Many of these are in the form of research papers, with some more focused on one particular topic. Regardless of which type of essay you are assigned, they will help you write a great piece of paper.A good short college essay needs to be written in a way that is clear and concise, but also flexible enough to help the student's ability to compose and rewrite it in the future. This is one area where personal creativity can really come into play. For this reason, most students find that the best advice when writing for college is to think about what they are interested in, and then search for things in their life that they can relate to.When it comes to creating these essays, short college essay samples are going to differ greatly. If you are applying to graduate school, you will like ly have a lot more leeway, as the essays are going to be more specific and written to a specific situation. There are, however, several general rules that apply to all types of short college essay samples.The first thing that you need to do is make sure that you keep the reader's attention until the very end. The last thing you want to do is give them a piece of paper that they don't like. Be brief, make sure that you answer the question asked and then take your reader on a wonderful journey through your life.Never, ever, get bogged down with words that do not have direct relevance to the topic at hand. When looking for short college essay samples, you want to write something that you are passionate about. What better way to express that than through the use of words? However, if you use something that you feel strongly about, remember that the reader can tell; somake sure that you leave yourself room to be able to do this in the essay.Read. It is important to always read the essay before writing it. Many students make the mistake of skimming, not reading, and simply finishing their essay without the necessary information. Once you read your short college essay samples, you will be able to identify things that you are missing, and you will see where you can get some of the key details in a different way.Another thing that you should remember when using short college essay samples is to make sure that your final draft is one that has had a complete look at the material. You want to make sure that the students, who read your essay, will be able to find some things in your work that relate to their own. For example, if you are writing an essay on sports, you want to make sure that you are not using words that the reader will not understand.By following these tips, you will be able to start using short college essay samples to your advantage. Remember that as long as you know what the word is, and have found it in your life, then it is possible to use it. This is a great way to really get into writing an essay on a topic that you are interested in.

Tax Papers From Savannah State College After Graduation

<h1>Tax Papers From Savannah State College After Graduation</h1><p>Finishing your expense papers from Savannah State College after graduation can be an overwhelming undertaking. Numerous understudies end up overpowered by the measure of desk work that they need to document. This isn't at all astonishing, since charge laws in numerous states are substantially more mind boggling than others.</p><p></p><p>For those understudies who think that its hard to sort out their expenses themselves, numerous expert duty readiness administrations will have the option to help. Numerous such administrations give free expense forms free duty preparer counsels for their clients.</p><p></p><p>Professional charge readiness administrations will likewise have the option to record your duties for you. There are a wide range of sorts of experts that represent considerable authority in this work. For instance, a bookkeeper can assist you with your duties while a guaranteed open bookkeeper will have the option to give you a statement dependent on your duty situation.</p><p></p><p>If you are thinking about employing proficient assessment readiness administrations for charge matters, it is astute to ensure that they are charge proficient on the grounds that you don't need them to have irreconcilable situations when recording your expenses. Numerous individuals like to utilize the administrations of somebody who is talented in their field and not during the time spent expense arrangement. For instance, in the event that you need a legal counselor, you wouldn't enlist somebody who is just an assessment master, you would enlist a lawyer.</p><p></p><p>Many proficient expense arrangement administrations offer free government forms. This implies you can get a free statement from them for your expense forms and afterward choose which one is best for you. They will take all the data y ou give into thought when they accomplish the work for you.</p><p></p><p>It will likewise merit an opportunity to plan a meeting with the expert expense arrangement support and go over your assessment forms with them to find out about the charges and how to set them up effectively. When you can do this appropriately, you can start the planning procedure yourself and your assessment records will mirror the data you have assembled. The expert expense readiness administration will likewise give you a free duty planning programming program for your convenience.</p><p></p><p>Finishing your assessment papers from Savannah State College after graduation can be a long and debilitating procedure. It is essential to consider the guidance of an expert assessment readiness administration and to ensure that they are qualified and work superbly of setting up your duties. Utilizing proficient duty arrangement administrations will assist you with capi talizing on your time getting ready for your taxes.</p>

How to Make Your Child Learn Through Kindergarten Essay Samples

<h1>How to Make Your Child Learn Through Kindergarten Essay Samples</h1><p>In most cases, these kindergarten paper tests are not intuitive. It is because of the way that there is no educator to direct the understudy. In any case, when the educational plan centers around numerous fundamental subjects and the understudies have an away from of the substance of the exercise, they can promptly adjust the action. Coming up next are the absolute most regular examples.</p><p></p><p>The first model is where the youngster's folks are going to purchase another clothes washer. The kid needs to locate the best model that they can manage the cost of and afterward compose an audit of it.</p><p></p><p>This is a down to earth model for a large portion of the kids since they become more acquainted with what is the best model they can utilize. Be that as it may, simultaneously, it very well may be somewhat dull for the youthful ones. Thi s may cause the youngster to don't have the foggiest idea where to begin. In this way, it is smarter to give them clues and tell them the best way to utilize the machine.</p><p></p><p>Another fun and simple exercise are where the youngster needs to make sense of the hues for a specific thing and decide its weight. It is likewise about stirring up the hues and afterward make sense of if the blend is organized appropriately. Be that as it may, the last exercise ought not last longer than a moment for the kids to get exhausted with it. A shorter exercise will assist them with working up their memory.</p><p></p><p>These are a portion of different exercises that you can attempt with kindergarten paper tests. You can look at the connections given toward the finish of this article. You will discover some example exercises from some notable teachers.</p><p></p><p>But on the off chance that you need to dominate the entir e match, you should attempt it just because before the preschool science reasonable. You can even download a free preschool science reasonable venture from a site. In any case, in the event that you need to dominate this match, you need to concentrate a great deal and buckle down for a long time.</p><p></p><p>Finally, we can say that free examples are extremely valuable. You can get them by composing in the watchwords like 'free examples'. This makes it workable for you to choose from a wide range of resources.</p><p></p><p>These are a portion of the exercises that you can attempt with kindergarten article tests. It will assist you with making a decent learning experience for your child.</p>

The Key to a Good Prose Writing Essay

The Key to a Good Prose Writing EssayProse writing essay is a common subject in the class discussions that form the backbone of a good college education. As such, it should be handled with care and consideration. Unfortunately, a lot of students do not follow this advice.A college writing assignment is usually considered as an excellent way to impress the professor and to stand out from the rest of the crowd. But while it may be true that a good essay can help you achieve your academic goals, it is also true that the success of a written work depends on many factors. When these factors are overlooked, the end result can prove to be quite disastrous.When students begin to write essays, they usually begin by having an idea about the topic at hand. They should then identify the most appropriate starting point of their paper. It would be a good idea to keep your original purpose in mind so that you will be able to construct your essay according to it.Once you have chosen the main ideas f or your essay, you can now go through your work to identify the proper structure. One structure that is often used in a lot of essays is the thesis statement. The thesis statement is a general introduction that gives the reader a good idea of what the essay is all about.The thesis statement should be kept brief and crisp. It should not go on and need to give the reader the necessary information to make him or her understand what the essay is all about. The first paragraph should also be equally compelling.Writing a research essay requires a thorough knowledge of the subject. In order to make your research paper sound more compelling, you should include everything in the thesis statement. You should elaborate your research methodologies and the sources that you used. If you are unsure about how to do this, you can get in touch with the professor who will be able to guide you.The last thing to remember when you are writing an essay is to follow the rules of grammar. An essay that cont ains grammatical errors can render your entire paper worthless. In addition, there is no use in creating a paper that has grammatical mistakes and very little information. Simply remove them before the end of the paper.Essays should be written for the express purpose of sharing your thoughts and opinions. If they are not well crafted, they might as well be written as a recipe for dinner. With a little care and thought, you can turn an ordinary writing task into one that will be the talk of the class.

A Philosophy of Religion Essay

A Philosophy of Religion EssayA Philosophy of Religion Essay is intended to be an individualized examination of a religious issue or statement of belief. This essay typically contains philosophical questions, observations and thought statements. It should not take the place of a lengthy philosophical study, but can provide a framework for further exploration of a particular subject.There are many varieties of topics for a philosophy of religion essay. The length and subject matter will usually depend on the academic discipline of the writer. Whether you are writing a religious studies dissertation or a theological dissertation, the basic elements of each are similar. The common characteristics of all essays are a statement of philosophical purpose, a presentation of what is or can be known about a topic, a reflection on the position of the writer in the discussion and, often, a critical evaluation of the evidence available to support the positions of the authors of the topics.One phi losophical purpose of a philosophy of religion essay is to ascertain the nature of religion, the source of religious beliefs and the arguments supporting those beliefs. Most philosophical essays consider that religion is an individualistic behavior and believes it is not necessary to have a supernatural explanation for the existence of a transcendent God or supernatural events in the world. For some, this position affirms the validity of religious fundamentalism. Others reject this claim, maintaining that to see the existence of a divine creator is to deny the limits of human reason. Other philosophers maintain that because religion is an inherent part of human nature, the existence of a divine creator is not as important as the importance of our instincts.When this question is answered, the next step is to consider the existence of religious beliefs. Religious beliefs have several basic types; some are religious in nature while others are non-religious beliefs. Non-religious belief s include beliefs about scientific evidence, scientific theories, the history of religions and other ethical, philosophical and psychological factors.The next step is to examine the extent to which one side is right and the other side is wrong. This is where most philosophers of religion fail to do their homework. They spend little time with the source material and most of their time with the interpretations of that source material. They are especially likely to give an interpretation that has no basis in the arguments of the source material.Finally, one must evaluate the evidence. Again, one may rely on personal experience or one may use an argument that requires evidence to support the conclusion. Many of the arguments that are based on the arguments from the Bible and other works of religious authors have not been subjected to thorough examination.Philosophers of religion should always make an effort to understand their topic and to acquire the necessary background in order to ju dge the validity of arguments that they encounter in philosophy of religion. They should give serious consideration to the ethical, philosophical and psychological implications of the topic. This will ensure that the topic is well presented and that a successful completion of the project will be one that reflects the quality of the work.

Global Warming Is A Real Problem Essay - 1645 Words

Climate change is something everyone in the world should work to make bigger priority. Human beings do not realize that living the way they want, instead of the way they should, is actually damaging the planet and its climate. The main thing being changed by the people that inhabit the earth is the earth’s atmosphere. Our earth is comparable to that of a giant greenhouse, in which the earth’s atmosphere is comparable to that of the glass surroundings of an actual greenhouse. Greenhouse Gases are what trap the suns heat along the surface of the earth to keep us warm at night. â€Å"Ninety-seven percent of climate scientists agree that humans have changed the earth’s atmosphere in dramatic ways over the past two centuries, resulting in global warming†. (What is the Greenhouse Effect?) Global warming is a real problem, and it has real consequences. The slow increase in the earth’s temperature is called global warming. It is my opinion that this is beca use of the way people all over the earth go about their daily living. Global warming and climate change can be eliminated by upgrading building infrastructures over a period of time. Stopping the use of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas will also have a huge impact on reducing global warming and climate change. Deforestation is also aiding in the destruction of our planet by destroying millions of acres of land a year, and leaving the earth gasping for more air. Despite the bleak outlook of our children’s children future,Show MoreRelatedGlobal Warming Is A Real Problem1796 Words   |  8 PagesClimate Change is an important topic that everyone should be well versed on. Global warming was denied as being a real problem for many years, but the proof cannot be hidden anymore and countries around the world are acknowledging that global warming does exist. 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Globally, all of the top ten warmest years have happened since 1998 (NOAA, 2015). One of the most confused claims from citizens is that â€Å"It is cold outside, therefore global warming is not real or happening.† But, just because the temperature of one area is belowRead MoreClimate Change : A Changing For A Brighter Future1485 Words   |  6 Pageshumans were starting to prosper and this was becoming a problem for the earth. As the earth was starting to support new forms of live, many of it resources were being used up and as a result, problems were arising. Problems such as is there enough water, food and resources were questions of the past. Recently, the new question has revolved around climate change and its effect on mankind. The reason no one questions climate change and global warming is because not so many people saw a tremendous differenceRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Warming1504 Words   |  7 Pagesaffecting you all. It’s about global warming. 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Term Paper on Kpm free essay sample

First of all I would like to be grateful to God, the merciful and the generous, who has enabled me to complete this reports. This study has been conducted on â€Å"Management practice of Karnaphuli Paper Mills Limited† . The industrial report at hand will help to know about production administrative activities, finance accounting human resource management of KPM Ltd. And will also provide some recommendations that I feel are quite relevant and helpful for the development of KPM Ltd. For the completion of 4th year of B. B. A. (Hon’s) in the University of Chittagong, I were conducted my study on Karnaphuli Paper Mills Ltd. Chandraghona, Rangamati Hill Tracts. Here was assign to conduct study and submit a term paper Report on the same to my Honorable teacher. I have tried to give what I believe, the level of best of my efforts to make this Report perfect one. MOHAMMAD AJMAL HUDA. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would approximate to place record the precious help that I have received from different quarters in the completion of the present study. First and foremost I am obliged an obvious great arrears of appreciation to my Teacher Mr. Md. Moazzem Hossain, Department of Management studies, Chittagong university for the readiness with which he has helped me in preparing this industrial report and devoid of which this work not have been probable at all. I like to express my tributes and gratitude to Mr. Mir Muzaffar Ali, Managing Director of KPM, for giving me the opportunities. I also want to acknowledge the guidance of Mr. Md. Abdul Awowal, store officer (Operation) of KPM and Mr. Harunor Rashid, Asst. General Manager Dr. Khudiram vhoumik chief chemist of KPM. They briefed me and also showed the total paper making process of the KPM. I will also never forget the contribution of all managers and staff of KPM who have spared their valuable time to me. I will never forget their kind and friendly behavior. I would like to thank them and other personnel who helped me. About the tour It was a single day tour on KPM. Our topic is related only to the official sector. At 10 a. m. we reach to the industry. We talk with Mr. Harunor Rashid, Asst. General Manager more than two hours . Than we talk with other employees and at 3 p. m. we got permission to visit the industry. We visited all the sectors of the industry. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The main objective of the study is to know the production process, human resource of acquisition, development, motivation and maintenance sales marketing, accounts finance in the context of organizational performance managerial decision making. To achieve this objective, the study focuses on the following specific aspects. 1) To know the organizational structure vis-a- vis human resources employed in the structure. ) To examine the job analysis, which covers the human resources planning. 3) To examine the process of recruitment. 4) To evaluate the process of human resource training development. 5) To analyze various aspects of career development. 6) To examine this various techniques of motivation of human resource in the organization. 7) To evaluate the requirement of maintenance of safety and health of human resource. Impor tance of the Study This program provided the participant of the BBA (Hons) program with Maiden opportunity to observe the real business situation. It has allowed one to have an exposure to the real life business settings by which he/she could see the application of theories and the deviation of practical from theories. We can get the idea of importance of this tour and research by considering the following: ? To increase productivity and production. ? To be aware of better quality control management. ? Cordial labor management relationship. ? To improve discipline. ? Increased work satisfaction. ? To increase marketing efficiency. The importance of gathering the knowledge from industrial tour can easily be understood from analyzing the above benefits. So research of this tour study has a great importance in this regards. Methodology of the Study In order to prepare this report, I had to go to the mills as well as local office for the collection of information of selected Subject. I have collected the information by interviewing some workers and senior officer’s of KPM. I have also collected the data from the company’s memorandum, Booklet, annual report, brochure and records. I have followed the following two techniques for collecting data: ? By direct observation i. e. visiting the plant area of KPM and its Mills office. By indirect observation- the questionnaire survey. Time to time I visited KPM Office to find out necessary data. My earned knowledge and co-operation of my supervisor helped me complete this report successfully. Limitations Every report suffers from several limitations. The Limitations of my report are mentioned below: ? The main barrier of my report writing is time limitations. Since the informatio n of my study is extended in vast area, it is very tough to carry on the study within a limited time with utmost devotion. ? Insufficient data provided by KPM for the sake of maintaining of organizational secrecy. Beside these limitations, I tried to find out the facts and to overcome the obstacles by my sincerity and devotion. I committed to prepare a report as accurate as possible inspired if these limitations. Introduction KARNAPHULI PAPER MILLS LIMITED (KPM) is an integrated pulp and paper mills which is situated on a vast land of Chandraghona amidst hills and gardens, a place of beauty 49 km away from Chittagong Metropolitan City, by the side of river Karnaphuli. The Mill was established in the year 1953 at the cost of 15 million US dollar by the Pakistan industrial Development Corporation (P. I. D. C) to manufacture high grade of paper through chemical process. Its production started from 16th October 1953. It produces 30000 MT of writing, Printing and wrapping paper annually. The mill used about 60% bamboo and 40% tropical hard wood mainly grown in the dense forest of Rangamati. , Bandarbhan and the major supply of raw materials comes from as far as 150 miles deep into the forest.. Karnaphuli Paper mills Limited also produces paper-converting products based on Industrial paper. The unit has come into production in the year 1967. The sales proceeds of the products of this unit exceed fifty million per annum at present. It is an enterprise of Bangladesh chemical Industries Corporation (BCIC). Since its establishment in1953 the paper mill was controlled by ? PIDC Regime 1953 -1959 ? Dawood Regime 1959-1971 ? Paper board corporation1971-1976 ? BCIC Regime 1976-Till to date PROCESS AND PAPER MAKING OPERATION: KPM is an integrated pulp paper Mills having three Machines with a production capacity 30,000 MT per year. Production started from 16th October 1953. The mill uses about 60% bamboo 40% tropical hard wood mainly grown in the dense forest. The bamboo wood are cut into small pieces to 1? (inch) length (called chips) by a chipper stored in chips storage silo. Chips from silo are loaded into stationary Digester for making pulp (sulphate process) with white liquor (sodium hydroxide sodium sulphide) cooked at 170C temperature under pressure 140 psi. After cooking, the contents are discharged into a blow tank. The pulp thus obtained is washed screened to make brown pulp ready either for making brown paper or for further bleaching to make which paper. Bleaching is done in five stages by the treatment with chlorine, caustic calcium hypo (CEHEH). [pic] The washed chemical of cooked pulp known as black liquor is passed through Multiple Effect Evaporator, Recovery Boiler Causticizing process of Recovery unit where 80-85% of the used chemicals are recovered reused in the digester. Salt cake in used as make up chemical in soda Recovery Boiler. [pic] The bleached pulp is then taken to stock preparation for the development of physical properties by refining adding some paper making additives such as talc, Starch, Fortified rosin, Alum etc. Then the refined stock is passed to paper machine on endless wire through paper machine head box under very diluted condition. The paper sheet is formed on the wet end part, which is pressed and subsequently direct by different dryers. The dirtied sheet is then calendared for surface smoothness polish ness of paper. The basis weight moisture of paper sheet PM-2 is controlled by Nucleonic System (NCS). The sheet is finally wounded is mother rolls of 120 inches width. The rolls are then taken to cutter machines to cut into marketable sizes. Sheets reels are then sorted, finished, packed baled in the Finishing Section for marketing. Different grades of paper are manufactured in the machine. [pic] FRM Section FRM means fibrous raw materials. FRM section collects raw materials necessary for the paper production. Paper productions require raw materials, which has long fibers. KPM uses bamboo and wood as FRM. Raw materials are collected from both Government and Private sources are ? Rainkheong Reserved Forest = 83,408 acres. ? Kassalong Reserved Forest = 70,898 acres Rajasthali Reserved Forest = 30760 acres Agreement in 1952, between PIDC and Forest Department for 20 years. There is a provision of review for every 5 years interval. Private sources are Above dam, Bellow Dam, Manikchari, Matiranga, Khagrachari, Tarachandi, Fatikchari, Bandarbhan, Cox’sbazar, Mymensingh Districts and North Bengal Districts. Different Bamboo and pulpwood species are used as raw materials. Bamboos are Muly, Baria, Mitinga Ora, Kalachari, and Dalu. Pulpwoods are Gamar, Silkori, Jam Kadam, Chatian, Jarul, and Chapalish. Bamboo Length 16 to 18 feet. Pulpwood size 4 feet length, Dia 2 inch at longer end Above 11 inch dia should be left for FD if any. Bamboos are collected from deep forest by the following cutting rules: ? Stream Cutting ? Mechanical Cutting FRM collection is hampered due to Jhum cultivation and mismanagement by the forest department day by day. Chipper Section: KPM has two chipper houses- one inside the mill area and the other at Kaptai area. The first one consists of three chippers- ? Pallmann Drum Chipper ? KMW Chipper ? BITAC Chipper Pallmann Drum Chipper: In this Chipper house KPM bamboos are unit of pallmann Drum Chipper. Wood and bamboos are cut into chips in this Chipper machine. Required Chips size is 0. 8 mm to 32 mm. KMW Chipper: There are eight units in KMW Chipper among which only two are running. It chips bamboos only. BITAC Chipper: This Chipper was in use to chip green jute. Pulp Section: Chips from chipper house are taken into pulp mills. Raw materials consist of wood, Bamboo. It consists of ? Cellulose 42% ? Hemi Cellulose -20 to 28 % ? Lignin Extractives – rest Pulp can be prepared by two processes- ? Soda process Sulphide Process KPM produces Pulp by Sulphite process, it uses NaOH, Na2s. Soda process requires NaOH only. There are three main steps of Pulp making. ? Cooking ? Washing and Screening ? Bleaching CHEMICAL RECOVERY: In this section black liquor is converted to white liquor by 4 steps. ? Black liquor Evaporator ? Soda recovery Boiler ? Causticizing ? Lime kiln. GRADES OF PAPER MANUFACTURED: Various type s of paper grades are manufactured in KPM. ? White printing paper ? Cream laid / writing paper ? Bank paper ? Bond paper ? Cartridge paper ? Poster paper ? Karnaphuli Art paper Offset printing paper ? Ruled paper ? Super calendar printing paper ? Colored printing paper ? Azure laid paper ? Duplicating paper ? Brown sulfate paper ? Manifold paper ? Simplex paper ? Monospool paper ? Computer paper ? Sack paper ? Certificate paper ? Brown Ribbed kraft paper ? Industrial Grades paper QUALITY CONTROL: In this section, the samples are taken from different plant section. Consistencies, Alkali loss, KMno4 no of chips are measured. From chlorination tower pulp is received consistency, ph, residual chlorine, Green liquor is collected volume is measured.